When it comes to interior design, the use of patterns can add depth, character, and interest, transforming a room from one solid note to a symphony of color and texture.

To ensure the outcome is cohesive rather than chaotic, follow these principles on the best ways to choose and combine patterns.

Choosing patterns

The first step is to take stock of what patterns already exist in your space. For example, do you have a wood floor? Exposed brick? Wallpaper that you don’t plan to remove? Then decide which patterns you want to add. Some to consider include:

Toile: Taken from the French term toile de Jouy (meaning “linen from the town of Jouy-en-Josas”), toile features a monochromatic pattern of pastoral illustrations printed on an unbleached cloth. Chevron: This geometric pattern is sometimes confused for herringbone, but it’s actually an inverted V pattern that creates a seamless, rather than broken, zigzag effect.

Floral: Elegant and storied, this motif hit prominence in the rococo and Victorian eras and pairs well with stripes, polka dots, and checks.

Stripes: Wide or skinny, horizontal or vertical, this pattern is one of the most versatile because it pairs well with so many others. Polka dots: This playful and ubiquitous design makes for a perfect pillow or small-blanket accent. Checkerboard: Exploding onto the scene during the pandemic, this self-describing pattern dates back to the Greek and Roman Empires and can be found on everything from area rugs to cutting boards.

Layering patterns

Generally, it’s best to begin with a dominant pattern that will serve as the foundation of the room, whether in the form of wallpaper, a large area rug, or upholstered furniture. You can then weave in smaller patterns through throws or pillows to fill in the gaps and add interest without creating competing elements. Play with complementary colors as well as with different shades of one tone. Both minimalist and maximalist rooms can incorporate patterns; stick with neutral shades and subtle prints for the former and more vibrant colors and dynamic prints for the latter.